CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. BackgroundThe development of science and technology now is going very fast. Many components of human life can not be separated from science and technology, such as clothing, food, and shelter. Humans now almost can not live without technology. Technology can easily be found in the outside world and of any age, it is certain the technology has become the basic human needs in this day and age. However, the science of human beings to create such advanced technology, mostly taken from the wild.The use of technology from nature by humans overload can damage the balance of the ecosystem and cause harm to humans and nature. Exploit human nature as much as possible but do not fix it. This is exactly what causes various problems arise. Problems arising from the destruction of nature, among others, global warming, poisoning addictive substances, flooding, deforestation, waste, and the Lapindo mud flood in Indonesia. Therefore, we will examine the issue in a paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues".
B. FORMULATION PROBLEMThe paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues" will examine about:1. How does the human impact on the environment?2. How to understand global environmental issues?3. How to understand national environmental issues?4. How to understand local environmental issues?
C. ObjectivesThe paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues" aims to:1. Understand the human influence on the environment2. Understand and have insight into global environmental issues3. Understand and have insight on national environmental issues4. Understanding and insight about local environmental issues
CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
Human influence in the EnvironmentMan with knowledge capable of changing the state of the environment so that meguntungkan themselves, to meet their needs. Initially the change in the environment that small and very limited influence. In the late Neolithic Age approximately 12,000 years ago, our ancestors of hunting then raising animals prey. Of human hunters turned into human keepers, from nomadic man turned into a human being settled. Begin developing cultivation. Ecosystem today dalah new ecosystem created by humans, according to human needs. With science and technology, the human ability to change the environment increases. Thus, humans want to control nature. Alam who initially able to maintain a balance now that balance is lost and the resulting damage everywhere because, caused by human hands. (Maskoeri Jasin, 1988: 132)
Various human inflicted damage, today many people who realize the importance of nature for their survival. Slowly human nature repairing damaged and reduce harmful things natural. Human conduct rescue efforts forests and other living creatures which are dependent on the natural. However, there are many people who continue to pollute nature without thinking about the risks ahead. Restore the natural balance of the occupation is difficult and always want to create the environment as expected.
Global Environmental IssuesProblems experienced earth today is global warming. According to the IAD MKU UMS, TIM MUP (2008: 150), global warming is an increase in temperature of the earth, which includes an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the temperature of the lithosphere, Global warming caused by rising sulfur dioxide gas and gas-greenhouse gases, such as CO2 as a result of burning fossil fuels. This global warming process occurs when radiation from the sun will go into the earth. Radiation from the sun will reach the earth and warm the earth. Most of the solar radiation absorbed by the earth, and most of the earth will reflect back into space. If the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases, the heat from the earth can not be forwarded to the sky. As a result, the heat as follows:1. Climate Starting UnstableScientists predict that during global warming, the northern regions of the northern hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will warm faster than other regions on Earth. As a result, icebergs will melt and the land will shrink. There will be less ice floating on the northern oceans. Areas that previously experienced light snow, probably will not get it again. In the temperate mountains, snow-covered portion will shrink and will melt faster. The planting season will be longer in some areas. The temperature in winter and at night will tend to increase.Warm areas will become more humid because more water evaporates from the oceans. Scientists are not yet sure whether the moisture will actually increase or decrease warming further. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse gas. Thus, its presence will increase the insulation effect of the atmosphere. However, more water vapor will also form more clouds, the result would reflect sunlight back into space, where it will reduce the heating process. High humidity will increase rainfall, on average, about 1 percent for every degree Fahrenheit warming. Rainfall throughout the world has increased by 1 percent in the last hundred years. Storms will become more frequent. In addition, the water will evaporate more quickly from the ground. As a result, some areas will become drier than ever. The wind will blow more strongly, and perhaps with a different pattern. Hurricanes (hurricane) that draws its strength from the evaporation of water, would be greater. Contrary to the warming that has occurred, some very cold periods will probably occur. Weather patterns become less predictable and more extreme.2. Improved Sea LevelChanges in average height of the sea level measured in regions with geologically stable environment. When the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the oceans will also be warmed up, so that the volume will be enlarged and raise sea levels. Warming will also melt a lot of ice at the poles, especially around Greenland, which will raise the volume of water in the ocean. Sea levels around the world have increased by 10-25 cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and the IPCC scientists predict a further rise of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st century.Changes in sea levels will greatly affect life in coastal areas. The increase in 100 cm (40 inches) would drown 6 percent of the Dutch area, 17.5 percent of the area of Bangladesh and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches and sand dunes will increase. When the high seas reached the mouth of the river, tidal flooding will increase in the mainland. Rich countries will spend huge amounts of money to protect the coastal area, while poor countries may only be able to evacuate people from coastal regions.Even a small rise in sea levels will greatly affect coastal ecosystems. An increase of 50 cm (20 inches) would submerge half of coastal marshes in the United States. The new swamp will also be formed, but not in urban areas and areas that are already built. Sea-level rise will cover most of the Florida Everglades.3. Tend Global Temperature RisesOne might assume that a warm earth will produce more food than ever before, but it is actually not the same in some places. Southern parts of Canada, for example, may benefit from higher rainfall and more length of the growing season. On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in some parts of Africa may not be able to grow. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from distant mountains may suffer if the snowpack (snow collection) winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak months of planting. Crops and forests can suffer insect and disease attacks more powerful.4. Impaired ecologicalAnimals and plants into living creatures that are difficult to avoid the effects of global warming because most of the land is controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate toward the poles and up the mountains. Plants will change the direction of growth, finding new areas as old habitats become too warm. However, human development will hinder this displacement. Species that migrate north or south that are blocked by cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to move quickly towards the poles may also be destroyed.5. Impact of social and politicalChanges in weather and seas could lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat (heat stroke) and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure resulting in hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and rising sea levels due to melting ice in the Arctic could lead to diseases associated with natural disasters (floods, storms and fires) and deaths from trauma. The incidence of natural disasters are usually accompanied by migration to places of refuge where frequent diseases, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.6. Impact on Human HealthEcosystem shifts can have an impact on disease spread through water (Waterborne diseases) as well as the spread of vector-borne diseases (vector-borne diseases). Such as the increasing occurrence of dengue fever since the advent of space (ecosystem) of these mosquitoes breed. With the climate change, there are several species of disease vectors (Aedes aegypti), viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs which target is the organism. Besides it can be predicted that there is some natural species will adapt or become extinct due to changes in these extreme ecosystems. It also will impact climate change (Climate change) that can cause an increase in certain diseases such as acute respiratory infection (droughts / forest fires, DBD Linkages with erratic rainy season)Environmental gradation caused by waste pollution in the river also contributes to waterborne diseases and vector-borne disease. Coupled with air pollution emissions of gases from uncontrolled factory will further contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergies, coccidiodomycosis, chronic heart and lung disease, and others.7.Perdebatan on Global WarmingNot all scientists agree on the circumstances and consequences of global warming. Some observers still question whether the temperature actually increased. Others acknowledge the changes that have occurred but denied that it was still too early to make predictions about the future state. Such criticism can also refuted the evidence that shows the human contribution to global warming, arguing that natural cycle can also increase the temperature. They also point out the facts that continued warming could benefit in some areas.Scientists who question global warming tends to show three differences between the model predictions is questionable global warming with the actual behavior that occurs on the climate. First, warming tends to stop for three decades in the mid 20th century, there was even a cooling period before climbing back in the 1970s. Second, the total amount of warming over the 20th century is only half of that predicted by the model. Third, the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, does not heat up as fast as the model predictions. However, supporters of the existence of global warming can confidently answer two of three questions.The lack of heating in the middle of the century due to the magnitude of air pollution spread particulates, especially sulfate, into the atmosphere. These particulates, known as aerosols, reflect some sunlight back into space. Continuous heating eventually overcome this effect, partly because of the control of pollution that causes air to be cleaner. The state of global warming since 1900 was not as predicted due to large heat absorption by the oceans. Scientists have long predicted this but it does not have enough data to prove it. In 2000, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provide a new analysis on the water temperature measured by observers around the world over the last 50 years. The measurement results showed a warming trend. World ocean temperatures in 1998 higher 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.3 degrees Fahrenheit) than the average temperature of the last 50 years, there was little change but quite significant.The third question is still confusing. Satellites detect less warming in the troposphere than the model predictions. According to some critics, the atmospheric readings correctly, while the atmospheric measurements of the Earth's surface can not be trusted. In January 2000, a panel appointed by the National Academy of Sciences to discuss this issue admit that warming the Earth's surface can not be doubted. However, measurements of lower troposphere than the model predictions can not be explained clearly.
Efforts to reduce global warming, among others:1. Plant trees, because trees play a major role in reducing global warming because trees in the photo synthesis during the day to absorb CO2 and produce O2. So as to decimate the content of carbon dioxide in the air that can lead to ozone depletion and global warming.2. Greening already deforested, because today many illegal logging causes deforestation.3. penggunaann efficiency in fossil fuels. Besides being able to contribute to global warming, over-exploitation of fossil fuels will lead to shortages in the fossil fuel, fossil fuels because they can not be updated.4. Looking for other energy alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and affordable by the general public.
C. National Environmental IssuesIndonesian state occurs in many environmental destruction resulting imbalance in natural ecosystems. According to the IAD Miku & TIM TIM MUP (2012: 155), there are several national environmental issues, including:1. FloodFlood is an event going down of the mainland (which in normal circumstances dry) due to the increased volume of water. Floods can be caused by several things, including as a result of global warming, which could increase sea levels, so that some areas of the coast will be affected by the flood water. Besides flooding also caused by increased rainfall and the absence of good drainage and enough to collect rain water. Floods can also be caused due peluapan river water due to increased rainfall or because of other reasons, such as the rupture of the dam the river. Floods that hit many large cities are usually caused by a lack of public awareness that membuanga garbage into rivers or other waterways. Flooding also caused by a lack of water absorption because the ground has been covered buildings. Floods cause losses in terms of economy, health, and environment.2. Deforestation in IndonesiaIndonesia's forests are much reduced and there is still a lot of damage. Kerusaan greatest causes of forest due to human activity. Human exploitation of forests excessive and ignores the ecological aspect. Natural factors that destroy the forest one of which is forest fires. The forest fires fueled by prolonged drought and global warming.3.SampahHumans as consumers every day produce waste / sewage. Libah generated in the form of organic and inorganic. Inorganic waste generated by households and industry. Garbage is a social problem that can cause conflict. In Indonesia, waste matter less get a good handling.4. Flood hot mud in SidoarjoMud flood in Sidoarjo mudflow is menyemburnya events at PT Lapindo Brantas drilling site since May 27, 2006. Bajir hot mud continues to increase and the main cause is not yet clear bursts. The bursts caused tergenangnya residential areas, agriculture, and Peridustrian. Hot mud flooding problem has become a national problem, which forced the central government to intervene in an effort penanggulannya.
D Local Environmental IssuesThere are several causes of local environmental problems, including:1. Drought: drought is a water shortage caused by water sources can not provide the water needs of humans and other living creatures. Impact: cause ganggungan health, food keterancaman.2. Flood: a natural phenomenon when the river can not accommodate the overflow of rainwater as process influasi decreased. It all can happen because forage retaining flowing water is reduced. Impact: ganggungan health, skin diseases, human activity is inhibited, a decrease in food productivity, etc.3.Longsor: is the erosion of land by the water run-off because of reduced water retention. The impact: damage to residential, farm, fields, disrupt the economy and transport activities4. Erosion: is the erosion of coastal land due to land sea waves. Impact: causing damage to dwellings and the loss of economic potential such as tourism activities.5. Sea water intrusion: seawater (salt) filling the basement has been widely used by humans and the absence of sea water intrusion prisoners such as the mangrove areas. Impacts: the shortage of fresh water, and damage the health. (www.korekan.com) bali to earth.
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. ConclusionMan with knowledge capable of changing the state of the environment so that meguntungkan themselves, to meet their needs. Initially the change in the environment that small and very limited influence. With science and technology, the human ability to change the environment increases. Thus, humans want to control nature. Alam who initially able to maintain a balance now that balance is lost and the resulting damage everywhere because, caused by human handsOne issue nglobal environment is global warming. Global warming caused by increased gas sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gases, such as CO2 resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. This global warming process occurs when radiation from the sun will go into the earth. Radiation from the sun will reach the earth and warm the earth. Most of the solar radiation absorbed by the earth, and most of the earth will reflect back into space. If the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases, the heat from the earth can not be forwarded to the sky. As a result, the heat back to the earth. Some of the consequences of global warming is started unstable climate, sea level rise, global temperatures are likely to rise, disturbance of ecological, social and political impact, the impact on human health, the debate on global warming. How to reduce global warming are looking for other energy alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and affordable by the general public, plant trees, green forests bare, and efficiency in the use of fossil fuelsThere are several national environmental problems, including flooding, forest destruction in Indonesia, garbage and mud flood in Sidoarjo. In addition to global and national environmental issues, there is a local issue. Some causes of local environmental problems, including droughts, floods, landslides, coastal erosion, and seawater intrusion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maskoeri, Jasin.1994. Natural Science Basis. Jakarta: PT Raja Gafindo Persada.MKU IAD UMS TIM, TIM MUP.2008. Basic faulty science. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.
A. BackgroundThe development of science and technology now is going very fast. Many components of human life can not be separated from science and technology, such as clothing, food, and shelter. Humans now almost can not live without technology. Technology can easily be found in the outside world and of any age, it is certain the technology has become the basic human needs in this day and age. However, the science of human beings to create such advanced technology, mostly taken from the wild.The use of technology from nature by humans overload can damage the balance of the ecosystem and cause harm to humans and nature. Exploit human nature as much as possible but do not fix it. This is exactly what causes various problems arise. Problems arising from the destruction of nature, among others, global warming, poisoning addictive substances, flooding, deforestation, waste, and the Lapindo mud flood in Indonesia. Therefore, we will examine the issue in a paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues".
B. FORMULATION PROBLEMThe paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues" will examine about:1. How does the human impact on the environment?2. How to understand global environmental issues?3. How to understand national environmental issues?4. How to understand local environmental issues?
C. ObjectivesThe paper entitled "Understanding and Has Insights on Environmental Issues" aims to:1. Understand the human influence on the environment2. Understand and have insight into global environmental issues3. Understand and have insight on national environmental issues4. Understanding and insight about local environmental issues
CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
Human influence in the EnvironmentMan with knowledge capable of changing the state of the environment so that meguntungkan themselves, to meet their needs. Initially the change in the environment that small and very limited influence. In the late Neolithic Age approximately 12,000 years ago, our ancestors of hunting then raising animals prey. Of human hunters turned into human keepers, from nomadic man turned into a human being settled. Begin developing cultivation. Ecosystem today dalah new ecosystem created by humans, according to human needs. With science and technology, the human ability to change the environment increases. Thus, humans want to control nature. Alam who initially able to maintain a balance now that balance is lost and the resulting damage everywhere because, caused by human hands. (Maskoeri Jasin, 1988: 132)
Various human inflicted damage, today many people who realize the importance of nature for their survival. Slowly human nature repairing damaged and reduce harmful things natural. Human conduct rescue efforts forests and other living creatures which are dependent on the natural. However, there are many people who continue to pollute nature without thinking about the risks ahead. Restore the natural balance of the occupation is difficult and always want to create the environment as expected.
Global Environmental IssuesProblems experienced earth today is global warming. According to the IAD MKU UMS, TIM MUP (2008: 150), global warming is an increase in temperature of the earth, which includes an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the temperature of the lithosphere, Global warming caused by rising sulfur dioxide gas and gas-greenhouse gases, such as CO2 as a result of burning fossil fuels. This global warming process occurs when radiation from the sun will go into the earth. Radiation from the sun will reach the earth and warm the earth. Most of the solar radiation absorbed by the earth, and most of the earth will reflect back into space. If the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases, the heat from the earth can not be forwarded to the sky. As a result, the heat as follows:1. Climate Starting UnstableScientists predict that during global warming, the northern regions of the northern hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will warm faster than other regions on Earth. As a result, icebergs will melt and the land will shrink. There will be less ice floating on the northern oceans. Areas that previously experienced light snow, probably will not get it again. In the temperate mountains, snow-covered portion will shrink and will melt faster. The planting season will be longer in some areas. The temperature in winter and at night will tend to increase.Warm areas will become more humid because more water evaporates from the oceans. Scientists are not yet sure whether the moisture will actually increase or decrease warming further. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse gas. Thus, its presence will increase the insulation effect of the atmosphere. However, more water vapor will also form more clouds, the result would reflect sunlight back into space, where it will reduce the heating process. High humidity will increase rainfall, on average, about 1 percent for every degree Fahrenheit warming. Rainfall throughout the world has increased by 1 percent in the last hundred years. Storms will become more frequent. In addition, the water will evaporate more quickly from the ground. As a result, some areas will become drier than ever. The wind will blow more strongly, and perhaps with a different pattern. Hurricanes (hurricane) that draws its strength from the evaporation of water, would be greater. Contrary to the warming that has occurred, some very cold periods will probably occur. Weather patterns become less predictable and more extreme.2. Improved Sea LevelChanges in average height of the sea level measured in regions with geologically stable environment. When the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the oceans will also be warmed up, so that the volume will be enlarged and raise sea levels. Warming will also melt a lot of ice at the poles, especially around Greenland, which will raise the volume of water in the ocean. Sea levels around the world have increased by 10-25 cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and the IPCC scientists predict a further rise of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st century.Changes in sea levels will greatly affect life in coastal areas. The increase in 100 cm (40 inches) would drown 6 percent of the Dutch area, 17.5 percent of the area of Bangladesh and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches and sand dunes will increase. When the high seas reached the mouth of the river, tidal flooding will increase in the mainland. Rich countries will spend huge amounts of money to protect the coastal area, while poor countries may only be able to evacuate people from coastal regions.Even a small rise in sea levels will greatly affect coastal ecosystems. An increase of 50 cm (20 inches) would submerge half of coastal marshes in the United States. The new swamp will also be formed, but not in urban areas and areas that are already built. Sea-level rise will cover most of the Florida Everglades.3. Tend Global Temperature RisesOne might assume that a warm earth will produce more food than ever before, but it is actually not the same in some places. Southern parts of Canada, for example, may benefit from higher rainfall and more length of the growing season. On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in some parts of Africa may not be able to grow. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from distant mountains may suffer if the snowpack (snow collection) winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak months of planting. Crops and forests can suffer insect and disease attacks more powerful.4. Impaired ecologicalAnimals and plants into living creatures that are difficult to avoid the effects of global warming because most of the land is controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate toward the poles and up the mountains. Plants will change the direction of growth, finding new areas as old habitats become too warm. However, human development will hinder this displacement. Species that migrate north or south that are blocked by cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to move quickly towards the poles may also be destroyed.5. Impact of social and politicalChanges in weather and seas could lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat (heat stroke) and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure resulting in hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and rising sea levels due to melting ice in the Arctic could lead to diseases associated with natural disasters (floods, storms and fires) and deaths from trauma. The incidence of natural disasters are usually accompanied by migration to places of refuge where frequent diseases, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.6. Impact on Human HealthEcosystem shifts can have an impact on disease spread through water (Waterborne diseases) as well as the spread of vector-borne diseases (vector-borne diseases). Such as the increasing occurrence of dengue fever since the advent of space (ecosystem) of these mosquitoes breed. With the climate change, there are several species of disease vectors (Aedes aegypti), viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs which target is the organism. Besides it can be predicted that there is some natural species will adapt or become extinct due to changes in these extreme ecosystems. It also will impact climate change (Climate change) that can cause an increase in certain diseases such as acute respiratory infection (droughts / forest fires, DBD Linkages with erratic rainy season)Environmental gradation caused by waste pollution in the river also contributes to waterborne diseases and vector-borne disease. Coupled with air pollution emissions of gases from uncontrolled factory will further contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergies, coccidiodomycosis, chronic heart and lung disease, and others.7.Perdebatan on Global WarmingNot all scientists agree on the circumstances and consequences of global warming. Some observers still question whether the temperature actually increased. Others acknowledge the changes that have occurred but denied that it was still too early to make predictions about the future state. Such criticism can also refuted the evidence that shows the human contribution to global warming, arguing that natural cycle can also increase the temperature. They also point out the facts that continued warming could benefit in some areas.Scientists who question global warming tends to show three differences between the model predictions is questionable global warming with the actual behavior that occurs on the climate. First, warming tends to stop for three decades in the mid 20th century, there was even a cooling period before climbing back in the 1970s. Second, the total amount of warming over the 20th century is only half of that predicted by the model. Third, the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, does not heat up as fast as the model predictions. However, supporters of the existence of global warming can confidently answer two of three questions.The lack of heating in the middle of the century due to the magnitude of air pollution spread particulates, especially sulfate, into the atmosphere. These particulates, known as aerosols, reflect some sunlight back into space. Continuous heating eventually overcome this effect, partly because of the control of pollution that causes air to be cleaner. The state of global warming since 1900 was not as predicted due to large heat absorption by the oceans. Scientists have long predicted this but it does not have enough data to prove it. In 2000, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provide a new analysis on the water temperature measured by observers around the world over the last 50 years. The measurement results showed a warming trend. World ocean temperatures in 1998 higher 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.3 degrees Fahrenheit) than the average temperature of the last 50 years, there was little change but quite significant.The third question is still confusing. Satellites detect less warming in the troposphere than the model predictions. According to some critics, the atmospheric readings correctly, while the atmospheric measurements of the Earth's surface can not be trusted. In January 2000, a panel appointed by the National Academy of Sciences to discuss this issue admit that warming the Earth's surface can not be doubted. However, measurements of lower troposphere than the model predictions can not be explained clearly.
Efforts to reduce global warming, among others:1. Plant trees, because trees play a major role in reducing global warming because trees in the photo synthesis during the day to absorb CO2 and produce O2. So as to decimate the content of carbon dioxide in the air that can lead to ozone depletion and global warming.2. Greening already deforested, because today many illegal logging causes deforestation.3. penggunaann efficiency in fossil fuels. Besides being able to contribute to global warming, over-exploitation of fossil fuels will lead to shortages in the fossil fuel, fossil fuels because they can not be updated.4. Looking for other energy alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and affordable by the general public.
C. National Environmental IssuesIndonesian state occurs in many environmental destruction resulting imbalance in natural ecosystems. According to the IAD Miku & TIM TIM MUP (2012: 155), there are several national environmental issues, including:1. FloodFlood is an event going down of the mainland (which in normal circumstances dry) due to the increased volume of water. Floods can be caused by several things, including as a result of global warming, which could increase sea levels, so that some areas of the coast will be affected by the flood water. Besides flooding also caused by increased rainfall and the absence of good drainage and enough to collect rain water. Floods can also be caused due peluapan river water due to increased rainfall or because of other reasons, such as the rupture of the dam the river. Floods that hit many large cities are usually caused by a lack of public awareness that membuanga garbage into rivers or other waterways. Flooding also caused by a lack of water absorption because the ground has been covered buildings. Floods cause losses in terms of economy, health, and environment.2. Deforestation in IndonesiaIndonesia's forests are much reduced and there is still a lot of damage. Kerusaan greatest causes of forest due to human activity. Human exploitation of forests excessive and ignores the ecological aspect. Natural factors that destroy the forest one of which is forest fires. The forest fires fueled by prolonged drought and global warming.3.SampahHumans as consumers every day produce waste / sewage. Libah generated in the form of organic and inorganic. Inorganic waste generated by households and industry. Garbage is a social problem that can cause conflict. In Indonesia, waste matter less get a good handling.4. Flood hot mud in SidoarjoMud flood in Sidoarjo mudflow is menyemburnya events at PT Lapindo Brantas drilling site since May 27, 2006. Bajir hot mud continues to increase and the main cause is not yet clear bursts. The bursts caused tergenangnya residential areas, agriculture, and Peridustrian. Hot mud flooding problem has become a national problem, which forced the central government to intervene in an effort penanggulannya.
D Local Environmental IssuesThere are several causes of local environmental problems, including:1. Drought: drought is a water shortage caused by water sources can not provide the water needs of humans and other living creatures. Impact: cause ganggungan health, food keterancaman.2. Flood: a natural phenomenon when the river can not accommodate the overflow of rainwater as process influasi decreased. It all can happen because forage retaining flowing water is reduced. Impact: ganggungan health, skin diseases, human activity is inhibited, a decrease in food productivity, etc.3.Longsor: is the erosion of land by the water run-off because of reduced water retention. The impact: damage to residential, farm, fields, disrupt the economy and transport activities4. Erosion: is the erosion of coastal land due to land sea waves. Impact: causing damage to dwellings and the loss of economic potential such as tourism activities.5. Sea water intrusion: seawater (salt) filling the basement has been widely used by humans and the absence of sea water intrusion prisoners such as the mangrove areas. Impacts: the shortage of fresh water, and damage the health. (www.korekan.com) bali to earth.
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. ConclusionMan with knowledge capable of changing the state of the environment so that meguntungkan themselves, to meet their needs. Initially the change in the environment that small and very limited influence. With science and technology, the human ability to change the environment increases. Thus, humans want to control nature. Alam who initially able to maintain a balance now that balance is lost and the resulting damage everywhere because, caused by human handsOne issue nglobal environment is global warming. Global warming caused by increased gas sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gases, such as CO2 resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. This global warming process occurs when radiation from the sun will go into the earth. Radiation from the sun will reach the earth and warm the earth. Most of the solar radiation absorbed by the earth, and most of the earth will reflect back into space. If the earth's atmosphere full of greenhouse gases, the heat from the earth can not be forwarded to the sky. As a result, the heat back to the earth. Some of the consequences of global warming is started unstable climate, sea level rise, global temperatures are likely to rise, disturbance of ecological, social and political impact, the impact on human health, the debate on global warming. How to reduce global warming are looking for other energy alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and affordable by the general public, plant trees, green forests bare, and efficiency in the use of fossil fuelsThere are several national environmental problems, including flooding, forest destruction in Indonesia, garbage and mud flood in Sidoarjo. In addition to global and national environmental issues, there is a local issue. Some causes of local environmental problems, including droughts, floods, landslides, coastal erosion, and seawater intrusion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maskoeri, Jasin.1994. Natural Science Basis. Jakarta: PT Raja Gafindo Persada.MKU IAD UMS TIM, TIM MUP.2008. Basic faulty science. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.
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